the discoverers timeline the discoverers timeline

1498: John Cabot and his son Sebastian Cabot (14771557) explore from Labrador to Cape Cod. I feel like its a lifeline. 1380 AD: The Kerala school develops convergence tests for infinite series. The Golden Age of Indian mathematics and astronomy continues after the end of the Gupta empire, especially in Southern India during the era of the Rashtrakuta, Western Chalukya and Vijayanagara empires of Karnataka, which variously patronised Hindu and Jain mathematicians. X-ray applications are being used as early as January. 1974 - Russell Alan Hulse and Joseph Hooton Taylor, Jr. discover indirect evidence for gravitational wave radiation in the Hulse-Taylor binary. 1565: The first permanent European settlement is founded by Spanish admiral and explorer Pedro Menendez de Aviles (15191574) at St. Augustine, Florida. publication online or last modification online. 1500: Portuguese nobleman and military commanderPedro lvares Cabral (14671620) explores Brazil and claims it for Portugal. Covering time, the earth and the seas, nature and society . . H. Armstrong Roberts / ClassicStock / Getty Images. This article presents a chronological timeline of key events that occurred during the Age of Discovery. ~250 BCE. Bishop Nicole d'Oresme created the unforgettable metaphor: "a clockwork universe, God the perfect clock maker!". 1473: Portuguese sailor Joo Vaz Corte-Real (14201496) explores (perhaps) the coast of North America, a land he calls Terra Nova do Bacalhau(New Land of the Codfish). 1519: Spanish conquistador Hernn Corts (14851547) defeats the Aztecs and conquers Mexico. The jury in the case found Murdaugh guilty of the murders when they returned their verdict on 2 March. French explorer Jacques Cartier also explored North America. Timeline Of Nasa. By the time the Europeans arrived, the descendants of the first colonists have populated all of both American continents. I highly recommend you use this site! Marius Smith-Petersen devises a three-flanged nail to secure the bone in hip fractures. In research that may help explain the basic malfunction that drives the loss of immune defenses with aging, HMS investigators in the Department of Cell Biology pinpoint a specific metabolic pathway deficient in the aged T cells of mice; the work also suggests possible ways to restore weakened immune function using small-molecule compounds that boost T-cell performance. Christopher Columbus discovered a route going to the New World (i.e. 3rd century BC: Archimedes uses the method of exhaustion to construct a strict inequality bounding the value of. The discoveries of penicillin, tyrocidine and numerous reports of the production of antimicrobial compounds by microorganisms, led Selman Waksman to start a systematic study of microbes as producers of antimicrobial . https://www.toppr.com/ask/question/what-is-the-contribution-of-the-following-in-atomic-structuremaharshi-kanada/#:~:text=Maharshi%20Kanada%20has%20given%20the,the%20concept%20of%20the%20molecule. These discoveries lead to Kaelin's sharing . A Mass General researcher perfects the use of Pap smear to detect cervical cancer. HMS Systems Biology researchers, led by Galit Lahav, use a combination of mathematical models and experiments to show that the tumor suppressor gene p53 uses pulsed signals to trigger DNA repair and cell recovery, and that the rhythm of these pulses carries crucial information. In October 1492, Columbus landed on the island of San Salvador in the Caribbean Sea. Calvin wrote "Institutes of the Christian Religion". All rights reserved. James Gusella leads the HMS Genetics team that finds a genetic marker for Huntingtons disease, a fatal inherited condition. "Hipparchus' Treatment of Early Greek Astronomy: The Case of Eudoxus and the Length of Daytime Author(s)". Ed. The 20th century produced such a plethora of discoveries and advances that in some ways the face of medicine changed out of all recognition. The Imperial Astronomers dictated that an eclipse would occur at 10:30 and would last for two hours. Joslin clinical researchers identify blood glucose levels that limit kidney disease. HMS Cell Biology researchers discover necroptosis and its inhibition by small-molecule inhibitors of RIPK1, which leads to clinical studies of RIPK1 inhibitors as potential therapies for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Alzheimers disease. Zacutos disciple at Salamanca, Joseph Vizinho, had already accepted the Kings invitation ten years before, and had been sent out on a voyage to develop and apply the technique of determining latitude by the height of the sun at midday. Nate Sullivan holds a M.A. As a result, he discovered Pluto. Book 1: TIME 00000 % complete "Time is the greatest innovator" - Francis Bacon(1625) Part 1:The Heavenly Empire The Temptations of the Moon Note. 2nd century BC: Hipparchos measures the sizes of and distances to the moon and sun. HMS Department of Neurobiology researchers provide the first molecular explanation for how the blood-brain barrier remains closedby suppressing the process for transporting molecules across cells in vesicles, or small bubbles. The Dutch were involved in New World exploration too, although their efforts came considerably later than the Spanish, French, and English and were not nearly as significant. DNA is found in every cell in the body, and is passed down from parent to child. "The Discoverers - Summary" eNotes Publishing Using the technology of single-cell sequencing, which was developed at the School, HMS and Harvard scientists traced the fates of individual cells over the first 24 hours of the life of an embryo, recapitulating decades of research on the decisions cells make in the earliest stages of life and generating a detailed roadmap of which genes are turned on or off, and when, as embryonic cells transition into new cell states and types. The best atlases still offered reissues of Ptolemys obsolete maps. 1799 Smallpox vaccine. The research team led by University of California, Berkeley, professor Jennifer Doudna and Umea University professor Emmanuelle Charpentier, formerly of the University of Vienna, was the first to identify, disclose, file a patent application for and publish the key components of the CRISPR-Cas9 system needed to edit DNA, the . Spanish explorer Vicente Yez Pinzn (1462ca. Dana-Farber researchers identify a molecular mechanism in the liver that explains how eating foods rich in saturated fats and trans-fatty acids causes elevated blood levels of "bad" cholesterol and triglycerides, increasing the risk of heart disease and certain cancers. A road movie about a dysfunctional family who embark on a Lewis and Clark re-enactment trek and discover themselves and each other in the process. However, as a nation virtually created out of thin air, and as one of the first to be based on republican ideals . Digging Deeper. 72, pp. 998: Erik the Red's son Leif Erikson (c. 9701020) reaches Newfoundland and explores the region from a small settlement called L'Anse aux Meadows (Jellyfish Cove). Explorers like John Cabot, Ponce de Leon, Ferdinand Magellan, and Vasco de Balboa were important figures in the 'Age of Discovery.' Harold Fairhair, who made a strong kingdom in Norway and forced many lesser chieftains to leave the country, had nine sons who reached manhood. While treating victims of the Cocoanut Grove fire in Boston, Massachusetts General Hospital physicians demonstrate the efficacy of a new approach to burn treatment and the value of new blood bank and emergency-response plans. What is the setting of "Games at Twilight" by Anita Desai? 1513: Spanish explorer and conquistador Juan Ponce de Len (14741521) finds and names Florida. In studies of wound repair, HMS researchers at Boston Childrens find a key molecule, known as PR-39, that binds growth factors and proteins necessary for the mending process. He measures the circumference of the Earth. By the 5th century AD: The decimal separator is developed in India. Eratosthenes is known for wonderful ancient geographical studies. In particular. CRISPR Timeline. Peter Park, in the HMS Department of Biomedical Informatics, leads a study demonstrating for the first time that a large number of somatic (noninherited) mutations are present in the brain cells of healthy people and occur more frequently in the genes that neurons use most. Timeline of Discoveries in Light 1604 - Johannes Kepler describes how the eye focuses light and postulates the rectilinear propogation of light. The Soviet Union aiming to dissolve the Christian year replaced the Gregorian with the Revolutionary calendar. They did, however, establish a colony on Manhattan Island in the early 1600s and conducted explorations throughout the Caribbean. These proteins are tagged with ubiquitin, which signals a cellular machine called the proteasome to pulverize the defective protein. D. Rawlins: "Methods for Measuring the Earth's Size by Determining the Curvature of the Sea" and "Racking the Stade for Eratosthenes", appendices to "The EratosthenesStrabo Nile Map. 3 billion BC : The origin of diamonds Diamonds are considered one of the oldest materials on earth: 1 to 3.5 billion years old. Timeline of Advances in Radiology . When he arrives in Mexico City, his tales reinforce ideas that the Seven Cities of Cibola (aka Seven Cities of Gold) exist and are located in New Mexico. 5th century BC: The Greeks start experimenting with straightedge-and-compass constructions. date the date you are citing the material. 2003 - After 3bn and 13 years of work, the . A team at Mass General takes the first steps in creating a bioartificial replacement forelimb suitable for transplantation in humans. Herodotus described the Tower of Babel as a pile of solid towers, each slightly smaller than the one on which it rested. Copernicus uncle and guardian, who became bishop of Ermeland, died. The paper had a huge impact on Chargaff and changed the future course of his career. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. If there are two dates, the date of publication and appearance 1800 BC 1600 BC: A numerical approximation for the square root of two, accurate to 6 decimal places, is recorded on, 19th to 17th century BCE: A Babylonian tablet uses, 3000 BC: The first deciphered numeral system is that of the, 2000 BC: Primitive positional notation for numerals is seen in the, Early 2nd millennium BC: The periodicity of planetary phenomenon, Early 2nd millennium BC: Ancient Egyptians study anatomy, as recorded in the, 4th century BC: Greek philosophers study the properties of logical, 4th century BC: The first true formal system is constructed by, 4th-3rd century BC: In Mauryan India, The Jain mathematical text. Compasses. Brigham and Womens researchers discover that a protein (amyloid beta) thought to be an early, causative feature of Alzheimer's disease is also present in healthy individuals and that patients with Alzheimer's produce too much of this protein or cannot break it down properly. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. Before about 15,000 years ago, the vast continents of North and South America had no human beings on them whatsoever. Bernard Lown becomes the first to use direct electric current to restore the rhythm of the heart. They get their name from an ancient settlement discovered near Clovis, New Mexico, dated to over 11,000 years ago. By prescribing the antibiotic actinomycin D in addition to surgery and radiation therapy, they boost cure rates from 40 to 85 percent. - 51 B.C. Their technique also leads to vaccines against measles, mumps, rubella and chickenpox. Hipparchus discovered the procession of the equinoxes, cataloged 1,000 stars, and invented trigonometry. This same gene-finding technique later enables scientists to find genetic markers for other inherited diseases. 1629- An Italian engineer and architect, Giovanni Branca, invented a steam turbine. Morris R. Cohen and I. E. Drabkin (eds. Discovery of Silicon. Alfred Goldberg and HMS colleagues conduct basic investigations that lay the foundation for the first proteasome-inhibiting cancer therapy. A Timeline of North American Exploration: 1492-1585. It was believed that such a planet had to exist in order to explain some odd things happening in the orbits of Uranus and Neptune. Much of the space in this section is devoted to the development of the clock, from hourglasses and water clocks to sophisticated mechanical timepieces. The history of autism begins in 1911, when Swiss psychiatrist Paul Eugen Bleuler coined the term, using it to describe what he believed to be the childhood version of schizophrenia. Shang Dynasty, Confucius. Traditionally, the age of exploration in America begins in 1492 with the first voyage of Christopher Columbus. 1532: In Peru, Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro (14751541) conquers the Inca Empire. The last date is today's Last Updated on January 1, 2020, by eNotes Editorial. Posidonius and Strabo declared the earth to be 18,000 miles around. 1523: Spanish conquistador Pnfilo de Narvez (14851541) becomes governor of Florida but dies along with most of his colony after dealing with a hurricane, attacks by Indigenous groups, and disease. The Emperor of China ordered all observers in the imperial observatory to keep their business secret " Not to tell any common people about what they did for a living". Rheticus First Report (Narratio Prima) was printed in Danzig. The structure of diphtheria toxin structureis discovered, which leads to the discovery of a safer, more economical vaccine. The first printed edition of Copernicus great work, the De Revolutionibus reached him only on his deathbed. The Prince sent Gil Eannes back with renewed promise of reward for yet another try. Sources. The report also presents a blueprint for developing properly functioning surgical systems globally. Eye and Ear researchers discover VEGF, a molecule implicated in diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration, the most common forms of blindness. 10th century AD: Manjula in India discovers the derivative, deducing that the derivative of the sine function is the cosine. (GFP) discovered. At the time of Prince Henrys death in Sagres the discovery of the west African coast had only begun, but it was well begun. Lewis writes to Jefferson. Centriole - Discovered by Edouard Van Beneden in 1883 and was described and coined by Theodor . Virologists at Beth Israel Deaconess find two candidate vaccines that provide complete protection from the Zika virus in animal models, suggesting a vaccine for humans may be feasible. Book Four also deals with early work in the fields of anthropology and ethnography. It has also been called the Age of Exploration. The human hereditary material known as deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, is a long molecule containing the information organisms need to both develop and reproduce. . Timeline of Discovery. Log in here. Palla Strozzi was one of the family who used the wealth acquired in commerce to become patrons of learning. Amerigo Vespucci, a cartographer and Italian explorer employed by Spain, made four expeditions to South America. Ten sample tubes, capturing an amazing variety of Martian geology, have been . Benjamin Waterhouse introduces the smallpox vaccine to the United States and helps gain acceptance for the new procedure. This article discounts mere speculation as discovery, although imperfect reasoned arguments, arguments based on elegance/simplicity, and numerically/experimentally verified conjectures qualify (as otherwise no scientific discovery before the late 19th century would count). About . Together with the discovery of telomerase, the enzyme that builds telomeres, these findingsimportant in the study of cancer, aging and stem cellsled to Szostaks sharing the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2009. While some scholars argue it began in 1492, others point toward earlier dates. By the 5th century AD: The elliptical orbits of planets are discovered in India by at least the time of Aryabhata, and are used for the calculations of orbital periods and eclipse timings. Create your account, 37 chapters | It actually goes back more than 2000 years. Hokusai made the "Thirty-six Views of Fuji" which showed the many faces of the sacred heights. 1675 - More than 3000 coffeehouses in England. William the Conqueror and his men set up the Kingdom of Sicily, where Christians, Jews and Arabs exchange knowledge, arts, and ideas. : Shang Dynasty - The earliest ruling dynasty of China to be established in recorded history, the Shang was headed by a tribal chief named Tan. By Tim Lambert 494-434 BC Empedocles lives. On October 12, 1492, Christopher Columbus, the Italian adventurer sailing into the unknown in the name of the Spanish Crown, landed in the Bahamas, the landing that became known as the "discovery" of America (or, "The New World" if you prefer). 3114 B. Mayan astronomers discover an 18-year cycle in the rising and setting of the Moon. Zoser was the 1st king of Egyptian king of the third dynasty. Cambodian king Suryavarman built the the most gigantic religious monument in the world of the stupa temple complex of Angkor Wat. In the summer, he took a full cargo to Iceland intending to follow his usual practice of spending the winter there with his father Heriulf. Spanish explorer Vasco Nunez de Balboa explored the island Hispaniola (what is now Haiti and the Dominican Republic) and other locations in Central America. Maps of the stars existed long before maps of the earth. He remarks as well on advances in printing and cartography, including the work of Mercator. He is the author of "The Everything American Presidents Book" and "Colonial Life: Government. By calculating network scores for the proteins that make up HIV, HMS investigators based at the Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard identify specific amino acids in the protein structure of HIV that appear critical to the ability of the virus to function and replicate. Java was a Dutch colony and at that time Java became one of the main suppliers of coffee. The life of the Chinese pioneer Chang Heng. Note. date the date you are citing the material. Dolly is the first mammal cloned from a non-embryonic cell. Boston Childrens researchers identify a retrovirus as the probable cause of Kawasaki disease, an infectious illness occurring predominantly in children under five. NASA's real-time portal for Mars exploration, featuring the latest news, images, and discoveries from the Red Planet. When Prince Henry sent out Eannes once again, this time with Alfonso Baldaya, the royal cupbearer, they reached another fifty leagues down the coast. Saint Brendan was an Irish Monk believing that Paradise was somewhere in the Atlantic Ocean. King Alfonso, Prince Henrys nephew, in financial difficulty, found a way to make discovery into a profitable business. When the Spanish Inquisitor - general Torquemada gave Jews three months to convert to Christianity or leave the country, the brilliant Abraham Zacuto left the University of Salamanca and was welcomed to Portugal by King John II. A Brief History. Concurrently, French physicist, Antoine-Henri Becquerel . While some scholars argue it began in 1492, others point toward . And DNA suggests they are the direct ancestors of nearly 80 percent of all . Fresnel lenses. Not reflected in this timeline are the numerous disproven hypotheses, unreplicated results, and epiphenomenal or inconsequential findings (such as endotoxins or inborn errors of metabolism causing schizophrenia, hemodialysis being an effective treatment, or upregulated D-2 receptors being a biomarker of disease). 1584: English writer, poet, soldier, politician, courtier, spy, and explorer Walter Raleigh (15521618) lands on Roanoke Island and calls the land Virginia in honor of Queen Elizabeth. This is the earliest printed version of this Latin translation. His ideas about the . succeed. The last four elements to be discovered are nihonium, moscovium, tennessine, and oganesson. Other Spanish explorers, like Hernando Cortes and Francisco Pizarro, became known as conquistadors, because they conquered Native American tribes. Ushering in a powerful new way to detect nascent cancers, Ralph Weissleder and colleagues at Mass General develop fluorescent molecular probes that fluoresce upon contact with tumor enzymes, allowing the detection of minute clusters of tumor cells. Boorstin also discusses the marine clock and the method of measuring longitude developed by John Harrison, as well as the clocks presented to the Emperor of China by the Jesuit missionary Matteo Ricci. The volume is divided into four books: Time, The Earth and the Seas, Nature, and Society. 1996 - Dolly the sheep is born. Man has long coped with uncertainty and the change brought on by nature's . Tools and machines. Cell Membrane - Robert Hooke in 1665 first view the cells under the microscope and hence, he is credited with the discovery of cell membrane. In 6th century BC Greece, this knowledge is used to predict eclipses. Reginald Heber Fitz provides the first clinical description of appendicitis; he also advocates performing appendectomies. William G. Kaelin Jr., Sidney Farber Professor of Medicine at HMS and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and senior physician in medicine at Brigham and Women's Hospital, shows that cells lacking the. 1497: Italian navigator and explorer John Cabot (ca. A boat crashes at a bridge near Parris Island in Beaufort County, South Carolina, on February 24, killing 19-year-old Mallory Beach, according to the South Carolina Attorney General in documents . the sum of consecutive integers), by the Pythagoreans. c. 60 AD: Heron's formula is discovered by, 4th to 5th centuries: The modern fundamental trigonometric functions, sine and cosine, are described in the, By the 4th century AD: a square root finding algorithm with quartic convergence, known as the, 1st to 4th century AD: A precursor to long division, known as ". 1400: Descendants of Easter Islanders land on the Chilean coast of South America and hobnob with the local residents, bringing chickens for dinner. Stephen C. Harrison in the HMS Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology is the first to determine the structure of an intact virus particle, leading to the understanding of the mechanisms of viral entry and assembly. in the, 2000 BC: Pythagorean triples are first discussed in Babylon and Egypt, and appear on later manuscripts such as the. The discovery of the CRISPR-Cas microbial adaptive immune system and its ongoing development into a genome editing tool represents the work of many scientists from around the world. 5th century BC: Possible date of the discovery of the triangular numbers (i.e. Surgeons at Beth Israel Deaconess perform the first adult live-donor liver transplant in New England. He is an adjunct history professor, middle school history teacher, and freelance writer. 4th century BC: Around the time of Aristotle, a more empirically founded system of anatomy is established, based on animal dissection. The campanile of the Chapel of the Blessed virgin in Milan is admired by Galvano della Fiamma. Mateo Ricci decided to join the Society of Jesuit. John Collins Warren, the Schools first dean, provides the first public demonstration of anesthesia in surgery. 1535: French explorer Jacques Cartier (14911557) explores and maps the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. The Egyptians invented an everyday calendar. 14501500), commissioned by Britain's Henry VII, sights Newfoundland and Labrador, claiming this area for England before sailing south toward Maine and then returning to England. For a series ostensibly about exploring the galaxy and meeting new lifeforms in the hopes of sharing knowledge and resources, there sure is a . From this they created the first almanacs - tables of the movements of the Sun, Moon and planets for the use in astrology. 1 Since then, our understanding of autism has evolved, culminating in the current diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and . In 1901 in the United Kingdom, for instance, the life expectancy at birth, a primary indicator of the effect of health care on mortality (but also reflecting the state of health education, housing, and nutrition), was 48 years for males and 51.6 years for . Thomas Brunet wrote " Sacred Theory of the Earth". Animals in Space . Also in antiquity, lead, gold, silver, iron, tin, carbon, and several other elements commonly found in nature . There is a section on anatomy and medicine, with particular focus on the work of Edward Tyson. A History and Timeline of Autism. 1869 Paul Langerhans, a medical student [] Kelly, Martin. He then considers the careers of the great explorers: Marco Polo, Prince Henry the Navigator, Vasco da Gama, Christopher Columbus, Balboa, Magellan, and Captain James Cook. What is the setting of "Games at Twilight"? Investigating how aspirin reduces inflammation, Brigham and Womens scientists discover that aspirin targets COX, an enzyme involved in the formation of prostaglandins and thromboxanes, compounds that are part of the inflammatory response. The message, on 6 May 2021, shows Paul confronting his father about the discovery of the drugs - at a time . Theobald Smith identifies the mechanism of insect-borne disease transmission, discovers the cause of scurvy and develops the concept of heat-killed vaccines. The Age of Discovery peaked in the 1500s, but drew to a close in the 1600s as much of the New World had been explored and mapped. When compared to other powerful nations such as France, Spain, and the United Kingdom, the history of the United States, which starts in the 17th century, is relatively short. Pope Gregory ordained that October 4 was to be followed by October 15. There is also a survey of mathematics, which highlights the contributions of Father Marin Mersenne and Sir Isaac Newton. Research into the development of insulin has driven scientists to take significant steps towards understanding human biology and a number of Nobel Prizes have been awarded for research into the hormone. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you 1683 - Austria opened their first coffee house in Vienna. The Jesuit Father was in charge of the Emperor's astronomical affairs. Scientists in the HMS Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, led by Derrick Rossi, reprogram mature blood cells into blood-forming hematopoietic stem cells, thereby extending the possibility of transplantation to patients for whom a histocompatible donor cannot be identified. Building on insights into the functioning of the human immune system, Dana-Farber researchers, led by Lee Nadler, devise a way to neutralize immune system cells responsible for graft-versus-host-disease, a potentially dangerous side effect of organ and tissue transplants. An HMS Genetics team, led by Stephen Elledge, uses a technique called RNA interference (RNAi) to dial down the production of thousands of proteins and determine which are required for cancer cells to survive, exposing a hidden set of drug targets for possible new cancer therapies. Pluto was discovered by astronomer Clyde Tombaugh in 1930. From Prince Henrys household went Nuno Tristo and Anto Gonalves, reaching another two hundred fifty miles farther to Cape Branco (Blanco) where they took two natives captive. HMS Systems Biology scientists, led by Marc Kirschner, reveal the molecular processes involved in the disposal of malfunctioning or damaged proteins. (Computer Scientist and Inventor of the World Wide Web) 41. He claims the area for Queen Elizabeth. Those expeditions began with a desire to find another way to the East, where the Europeans had created a lucrative trade route in spices and other goods. Eye and Ear develop a surgical method to restore speech, swallowing and normal breathing in patients with paralyzed vocal cords. (1991). Age of Exploration Timeline Timeline Description: The Age of Exploration, which lasted roughly between 1450 and 1600, is a term given to the period of European exploration in Africa, Asia, and the Americas. Genetic Timeline 1944 Discovery: Jumping Genes Barbara McClintock, using corn as the model organism, discovers that genes can move around on chromosomes. Sep 8, 1543. A German clock maker devised a little lathe, also known as a compound. B.L. c. 300 BC: Finite geometric progressions are studied by Euclid in Ptolemaic Egypt. Japan was able to make mainsprings for spring driven clocks. Portugal as Europe's western most nation, blessed with an abundance of natural harbours (Porto, Lisbon, Lagos, Sagres) and navigable rivers, has always looked to the ocean.Advances in cartography, shipbuilding and navigation, in particular the use of the astrolabe (developed by . Seven Kings of Rome History | Who was the Last King of Rome? Yez Pinzn discovers the Amazon River in Brazil. Working at Joslin, William Beetham and Lloyd M. Aiello pioneer pan-retinal coagulation, a treatment that uses lasers to halt the sight-stealing proliferation of blood vessels in people with diabetes. Already a member? Joan Brugge and HMS Cell Biology colleagues discover that cancer cells perish not only via cell suicide, or apoptosis, they can also die of starvation by losing their ability to harvest energy, findings that point toward new tumor-killing strategies.