Ten references are listed. Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice pp 45884597Cite as, 6 Greater Egypt Regional Planning and Development Commission, Carbondale, Hall A (1999) Jailhouse shock aims to scare youths straight. Thus, the Department of Corrections should have used the evaluation findings as the basis for modifying the program and for gathering additional data rather than for trying to eliminate it. When I first startedThe Cave of Adullam there were many Scared Straight programs in Michigan, I even participated in a couple. Clair County Jail for the Scared Straight Program. 1986) 24 Mississippi Project Aware, USA (Cooke and Spirrison 1992) 24 5.2 Should we believe these studies? We present these cash flows in discounted dollars. Participants visit inmates, observe first-hand prison life and have interaction with adult. <>/Metadata 2 0 R>> <> "Scared Straight" and other programs involve organized visits to prison by juvenile delinquents or children at risk for criminal behavior. Making the shift into teenage and teen years can be a brutal time for teens, and for some, it can be more difficult than others. Lets work together to raise awareness and prevent dating violence., Trauma Informed Parenting What is Trauma Informed Parenting with Dr. Shantalea Johns, Talk to Your Teen: What Makes YOU the Happiest? 'Scared Straight' and other programs involve organized visits to prison by juvenile delinquents or children at risk for criminal behavior. Not much has changed with them over the years. For those effect sizes, we estimate outcome-based adjustments which we apply between the first time ES is estimated and the second time ES is estimated. Pyramid Films, Santa Monica, Storvall AE, Hovland A (1998) The Ullersmo project: scared straight in Norway 19921996 (Ullersmoprosjecktet: Scared Straight I Norge 19921996). Each one-hour episode will focus on a different inmate-run program in the U.S. FOX Files - Troubled Teens Scared Straight In. Public Pol Res 15(2):7779, Cook DD (1990) Effects of a non-confrontational prisoner-run juvenile delinquency deterrence program. The programs are designed to deter participants from future offending by providing firsthand observations of prison life and interaction with adult inmates. Assessment of . Michigan JOLT Study, USA (Yarborough 1979) 21 . The DTE Energy Foundation funds asix-week job placement program for Detroit teens, and year-round part-time positions. Programs are designed to deter participants from future offending through firsthand observation of prison life and interaction with adult inmates. These services are available to inmates displaying immediate needs (in crisis) upon request or referral. endstream endobj 1302 0 obj <>stream If the dollars are negative (bars below $0 line), the cumulative benefits do not outweigh the cost of the program up to that point in time. Scared straight programs result in more crime. 'Scared Straight' is a program designed to deter juvenile participants from future criminal offenses. Turning Winds recognizes that the entire family needs the guidance that ourskilled practitioners provide; so that your child can be rehabilitated and whole. Benefit-cost methods last updated December 2019. Michigan Department of Corrections. Beyond Scared Straight is a powerful. NAMI strives to shape the national public policy landscape for troubled adolescents, young adults, and families in Detroit, MI; affected by mental illness. They found that Scared Straight-type programs generally increased crime between 1 and 28 percent in the treatment group when compared to the no-treatment group. We use the average hours in the program as reported in the included studies (about four hours). Lets have an engaging conversation and get to know each other a bit, Parents and Educators (in this case), Dont hurt em! hY] +dA0`A n>ypmw9zwxQ:G$3cmiZ\Fh4t2oVFcikFhRQ7LC^&xlsJuf-e?Z!23F*`>t.M>D:qPV^":}CV}s('Oe VsX>ac0G/ Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, Finckenauer JO, Gavin PW (1999) Scared straight: the panacea phenomenon revisited. Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement (NSCR), Amsterdam, The Netherlands, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Criminology, Law and Society, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA, Faculty of Law, The Hebrew University, Mt. % It is our desire to assist, guide, and coach parents from Detroit, MI, with a troubled child, through a very difficult time. Evaluation of JOLT (Juvenile Offenders Learn Truth) as a deterrence program (Document No. f(}z>D(h~Kzafo??iM?^;F+oElglV.~.6o=,e1]msC]:! When a teenager goes to boot camp, they are taken out of their familiar setting of home and friends. There are several options offered by scared straight programs, based upon the ages of the teens and the type of . We also report the unadjusted effect size to show the effect sizes before any adjustments have been made. Learn about our program inspired by Challenge Camp for children aged 6-10 that helps themacquire skills for making positive changes. Apologizing shows our children that we take ownership of our mistakes, and its an example of how we can make up for our wrongs and build trust, Parents, Did you know that 1 in 5 girls and 1 in 10 boys have experienced physical and/or sexual dating violence? These relationships are more likely to be riddled with problems including communication, jealousy, and selflessness. Here at Turning Winds, we recognize that the situation of one at-risk child may not apply to all of our clients. endstream endobj 1301 0 obj <>stream As time progresses and they work through the 5 pillars of change, teens begin to make lasting changes and learn the skills they will need to possess to live successful lives. The great outdoors allows for a perfect backdrop for students to learn effective problem-solving and the crucial skills they will use throughout their life. Turning Winds is here to serve! The evaluation was unable to uncover any benefits to juveniles from the program, and therefore the department recommended its cancellation. Cared Straight, a documentaryby Alan Sedghi, is our first one wed like to highlight. Turning Windsis one of the nations premier academicTherapeutic Boarding Schoolsfocused on supporting at-risk adolescents from Detroit, MI with overcoming behavior issues. Scared straight programs were established decades ago and primarily used to deter juvenile crime. Home Office, London, Locke TP, Johnson GM, Kirigin-Ram K, Atwater JD, Gerrard M (1986) An evaluation of a juvenile education program in a state penitentiary. Today, Im prompting you to ask your adolescent what makes you and them the happiest. Call (800) 560-1599 today! Programs are designed to deter participants from future offending through first hand observation of prison life and interaction with adult inmates. Established several decades ago, these programs were designed to scare delinquent youth into adjusting their poor behavior. <> In 2002, Petrosino and colleagues published formal reviews with the . Springer, New York, NY. Learning is a crucial part of changing undesirable behaviors and must be an integral part of any therapy program that is working to bring lasting changes in teens. For. {}5J"H2"Wn`:=u`pv-c3Z0De =,F"7&6[5%dcU6lJ"D"J"wG:POUd%zQrPz&TRi0EJ2 CES#2[>Do&4BBa:|,m(!! p;CZ%Ga0*=3V. ij=T![5q'Um oX*`v'.;o Please call our office at 810-227-0243 for more information. .J=^XWfk? Once our staff of mental health professionals has gathered data, we will begin our focused treatment plan to guide the teen towards making better choices that will lead them to their life goals instead of down a path of destruction. Okla Crim Just Res Consort J 3(Aug):123133, Lewis RV (1983) Scared straightCalifornia style: evaluation of the San Quentin SQUIRES program. Research shows the magnitude of some effect sizes decrease over time. In: Bruinsma, G., Weisburd, D. (eds) Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice. It looks like your browser does not have JavaScript enabled. #swag #positivity #lifelessons #nofighting #staypositive #spreadlove, Words from our Executive Director @mrsnicolewilson Being a mom to a teenage girl is not for the faint at heart. The waiting list usually closes in early May, so remind your teen to apply early. %PDF-1.5 For example, we may adjust effect sizes when a study has a weak research design or when the program developer is involved in the research. Beyond Scared Straight is a powerful. Grants have been given to local agencies that serve kids and teens, including Grow Detroits Young Talent campaign. Campbell Syst Rev 2010:1, Rasmussen DW, Yu Y (1996) An evaluation of juvenile justice innovations in Duval County, Florida. endstream endobj 1300 0 obj <>stream x}qw,0'd? sb |K#i9Qel>B"Y]zoOw|_yo|rqOr.C2~?[~a/fzt=8FG-gQToCb?Cw[ d[5&0*|(0^Z>7t@E%&_`q_p~>~Uby ?Bp~kZ}8>jEky?uvLmum/o+kqj'Xr~ieeZji,il2.(.!==hbovzqYc/l jd#bL~'uZ^&Uz?~=?'0):a /CZkteNEQy/0L1fS 09;HF8]OO ~h"O_B~]r The six-week program offers youth the opportunity to gain experience for their resume while working 30 hours a week, July through August. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Texas, Dallas, Wilson D, Groombridge N (2010) Im making a TV programme here: reality TVs Banged up and public criminology. Starting with 1978's Scared Straight, the TV special that sent at-risk teenagers to prison with adults in order to freak them out and turn them into respectable citizens, programs that claim to save teens by giving them a taste of prison life have been popping up across America. All rights reserved. Louisiana Youth Care Magazine 18(5):35, United Community Action Network (2001) Services: Wisetalk (scared straight). A six month follow-up of juvenile delinquents visiting the Ionia Reformatory (Research Report No. The city does have programs designed to help teens find summer work so they can gain real work experience. Through a holistic approach, our students successfully make changes in their character and learn the life skills they must possess for living a self-sufficient and successful life well beyond the time they graduate from our program. Lansing: Michigan Department of Corrections. Territories Financial Support Center (TFSC), Tribal Financial Management Center (TFMC). <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]>>/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Contents 14 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> The film, in which at-risk youth were exposed to the realities of prison to deter them from a life of crime, won the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature and inspired similar movies and TV shows, including the current A&E series Beyond Scared Straight. Vreeland, A.D. (1982). was a hit in 1978. *F <>stream (1967). Beyond Scared Straight is a new series executive produced by Arnold Shapiro and based on his Academy Award and multiple Emmy-Winning documentary "Scared Straight!," that will profile unique approaches to juvenile crime prevention in prisons around the U.S. "Scared Straight!" has become an iconic name and a cultural phenomenon over the years. 2 0 obj }kG_,f^ 7,Ldh&1CA.~orVWH$i:il;Ml2b-;FB^41};e6y;}6;Uf}7~4\.fNbY1zKl y1,n? Research shows that Scared Straight programs, which bring at-risk teens to prisons in an effort to deter them from potential criminal behavior, have no positive effect and can actually lead. .)Lc=,&$T/ 6 Just what takes place in these types of programs? The organization doesnt hire or place applicants directly, instead your child might be contacted by one of GDYTs partners. Unpublished manuscript, University of New Brunswick, Center for Criminal Justice Studies, Saint John, Greater Egypt Regional Planning & Development Commission (1979) Menard correctional center: juvenile tours impact study. >}e+)O_5$ WE empower at-risk youth to take control of their future through an adventurous weekend. Virginia Department of Corrections, Richmond, Petrosino A, Turpin-Petrosino C, Finckenauer JO (2000) Well meaning programs can have harmful effects! Crim Just Behav 10(2):209226, Lipsey MW (1992) Juvenile delinquency treatment: a meta-analytic inquiry into the variability of effects. Court-involved youth: Youth who are processed through the juvenile justice system but who are not ordered to a period of confinement in a residential or correctional facility. In: Cook TC, Cooper H, Cordray DS, Hartmann H, Hedges LV, Light RL, Louis TA, Mosteller FM (eds) Meta-analysis for explanation. OBJECTIVES Our mission is to rescue teens from crisis, renew their belief in their own potential and reunite them with their family and a sustainable path of success. Territories Financial Support Center (TFSC), Tribal Financial Management Center (TFMC). Please call our office at 810-227-0243 for more information. Waveland Press, Prospect Heights, Gendreau P, Goggin C, Cullen F, Andrews D, Bonta J (1997) The effectiveness of get tough strategies on offender recidivism. Family members and/or friends can contact the Program Services Unit at 248-858-1731 if they have concerns about an inmate's stability or adjustment to the jail environment. This paper reviews an evaluation of Michigan's Juvenile Offenders Learn Truth (JOLT) program, a juvenile awareness or 'Scared Straight' program using hardened adult inmates to teach impressionable juveniles the realities of prison life. 3 0 obj Each set of researchers was . Crime Delinq 46:354379, Petrosino A, Turpin-Petrosino C, Buehler J (2004) Scared Straight and other juvenile awareness programs for preventing juvenile delinquency. The Forum, 27 Oct 1999, p 1, Shapiro A (1978) Scared straight [film]. A lock ( Michigan's Juvenile Offenders Learn Truth (JOLT) program involved exposure of juvenile offenders to an intensive confrontation with adult offenders at an adult prison. The Scared Straight program is an hour long tour where kids are. For more information on the categories, see the. Richmond: Virginia Department of Corrections, Division of Program Development and Evaluation, Research and Reporting Unit. The corporation is working with 50 partner companies in the community to create 500 positions. . WSIPP may also adjust the second ES measurement. Scared Straight later gained popularity when a documentary covering the program aired on television. Instead they lump them all into the same stereo typical abusive situation. See Estimating Program Effects Using Effect Sizes for additional information. The evaluation found that participation in these types of programs increases the odds that youth will commit offenses in the future. Michigans struggling economy, coupled with our brutal winters, means the need for utility bill payment assistance is never more important. The purpose of these programs is to encourage children to change their actions which could eventually lead to adult conviction. yMKA z\. Evaluation of the program, like other evaluations of Scared Straight programs, showed that JOLT participants and control group members had similar recidivism rates at 3 months and 6 months after the program. The outcomes measured are the types of program impacts that were measured in the research literature (for example, crime or educational attainment). These cash flows provide a breakdown of the classification of dollars over time into four perspectives: taxpayer, participant, others, and indirect. That change of setting disrupts the routine and creates an opportunity for your teenager to change in behavior as well. endstream I learned so much from swag today! Scared Straight and other programs involve organized visits to prison by juvenile delinquents or children at risk for criminal behavior. Monday-Friday: 9a.m. - 4 p.m. Use tab to navigate through the menu items. Dont give negativity to those who give you negativity stay positive! Emergency Communications & Operations Divisions, Technology, Information and Innovation Division, Medical Counseling & Psychiatric Information. The Michigan Department of Corrections found that 43% of the experimental group re-offended, compared to only 17% of the control group. At this point, the total benefits to participants, taxpayers, and others, are equal to the cost of the program. Abstract Ff LMY@4YBi#(mX J$= Substance Abuse Treatment Programs For Teens Where this same research is showing the types of programs and treatment for recovery that do not work for troubled adolescent boys and girls in Michigan, this research is also showing what does work. According to a report from the Measure of America, a Social Science Research Council Project, Detroits youth unemployment rate was as high as 30 percent in early 2013. Making the shift into teenage and adolescent years can be a brutal time for adolescents, and for some, it can be more difficult than others. The undertaking of a relationship, very often, requires more maturity than most teens have developed. 6 0 obj We use wage information for Corrections and Custody Officers from the Office of Financial Management (https://ofm.wa.gov/state-human-resources/compensation-job-classes/ClassifiedJobListing/SalaryRange/1222). A new and challenging setting. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5690-2_243, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5690-2_243, eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and LawReference Module Humanities and Social Sciences. Making the shift into teenage and teenager years can be a brutal time for teenagers, and for some, it can be more difficult than others. An evaluation of a Michigan program based on the 'Scared Straight' model for preventing juvenile delinquency is critically examined to support the contention that outcome evaluations should be used to modify rather than to cancel programs. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. Because of our premiera variety of therapeutic intervention strategies (CBT, DBT, behavioral therapy)andoutdoor recreation and adventure therapy, at-risk teen boys and girls can grow to be healthy adults, and Turning Windss clients can emerge as strong people who are motivated to succeed. For the parents of, Turning Windsis one of the nations superior academicTherapeutic Boarding Schoolsfocused on directing struggling teenage boys and girls from Brentwood, CA with overcoming behavior issues. Scared Straight Published July 13, 2020 When I first started The Cave of Adullam there were many "Scared Straight" programs in Michigan, I even participated in a couple. Research report no. Proponents of this approach believed that the scare tactics would work, and the program was born. u7@2_W TBPoN$4 :7}&gmMkHi]gt~kn_a|5^foZXp!V@01hL?CNfs]xk[75_ke,0Gg9kcb0_;p.= I@OpeV:iT5^/@i-?2HdFh' #X&Vr;yp+a)jjn}qYGFR-?f[2~'yJC19mGxYSH' Turning Winds is highly successful in supporting troubled teens from Detroit, MI because we factor learning into every aspect of therapy. " Scared Straight " programs are designed to deter at-risk youth by forcing them into an exaggeratedly violent and threatening prison setting for 1-3 days. City of Detroit Youth Program People ages 14 to 21 might be eligible to work for the city of Detroits Youth Program. Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel, 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York, Petrosino, A., Petrosino, C., Hollis-Peel, M., Lavenberg, J. Sometimes you have to remind yourself of who you are and where you came from (because we forget). h223W0P62 RA While Behavior Modification therapy is a solution for some teens with conditions like ADHD, it is not always effective in those who are dealing with more than one diagnosis. Michigan Department of Corrections. Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5690-2_243, Shipping restrictions may apply, check to see if you are impacted, http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2011/02/23/beyond-scared-straights-real-life-controversy.html, http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2011-01-31/news/bs-ed-scared-straight-20110131_1_straight-type-programs-straight-program-youths, Reference Module Humanities and Social Sciences, Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. The practice is rated No Effects. of their future through an adventurous weekend. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 10(2), 209-226. Among methodological problems with the evaluation were possible biases in the selection of the experimental and control groups and the small numbers of subjects involved in the 6-month followup. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Often, it takes a multi-treatment approach for teens who are dealing with mental and behavioral issues to make lasting changes. Evaluation of the program, like other evaluations of Scared Straight programs, showed that JOLT participants and control group members had similar recidivism rates at 3 months and 6 months after the program. We take an eclectic approach to treatment using proven strategies in cognitive, behavioral, humanistic, and narrative intervention. Others includes benefits to people other than taxpayers and participants. A six month follow-up of juvenile delinquents visiting the Ionia Reformatory (Research Report No. It is important for parents of teens with ADHD and other behavioral and mental conditions to be able to successfully recognize the signs of the condition. Any criminal conviction according to court records, sometimes measured through charges, arrests, incarceration, or self-report. endobj h, 0EUW#pdTAA;+Jp}dEo0Zu-i(n84Rw;zH)n$; The program breaks even when the dollars reach $0. The graph above illustrates the estimated cumulative net benefits per-participant for the first fifty years beyond the initial investment in the program. Youth in state institutions: Youth who are confined in a residential or correctional facility when they participate in the program. Rokeach's research showing that cognitive changes occur well before behavioral change supports the contention that the followup period was too short. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. Accessed 26 Apr 2001, United Press International (2003) Scared straight, 21 Aug, p 1008233w3635, Vreeland AD (1981) Evaluation of face-to-face: a juvenile aversion program. Lansing: Michigan Department of Corrections. However, I quickly discovered that inflicting trauma will never help a boy release it but instead teach him to suppress it. (1967, May). Official websites use .gov Secure .gov websites use HTTPS The figures shown are estimates of the costs to implement programs in Washington. kjChuXuPjeXS9at 2s2}i!p U,v0vz!A cc! Premiere Date: August 25, 2011 Oakland County, Michigan is a stone's throw from Detroit's infamous 8-Mile and the streets here are just as tough, but the deputies and inmates who run Oakland County Jail's "Turn-Around" program are even tougher. MICHIGAN DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS F.Y.I. Despite several research studies and reviews questioning their effectiveness, they remain in use and have now been tried in at least six nations. NAMI also offers grassroots volunteer leaders with the tools, resources, and skills necessary to protect the mental health of individuals in Detroit, MI, and all over the nation. Discover how Challenge Camp graduates can make animpact through our year-longmentorship program. With the collapse of the car industry and the national mortgage crisis in 2008-09, Detroits unemployment rates rose dramatically. (1983). 4 0 obj NCJ 060290). Participants includes expected increases in earnings and expenditures for items such as health care and college tuition. *~r ?4nP8k Lqn%@J,x?iM;:M03`%P!B"iL5{P&w-Tz Dissertation Abstracts International, 42(10), 4597A. Scared Straight Program description: The underlying goal of the Scared Straight program is to deter juvenile offenders, or children at-risk of becoming delinquent, through . To prepare for therapy intervention, our staff meets with the parents and the teen to determine the dysfunctional behaviors that are being exhibited. San Juan Daily Star (Letter to the Editor), 14 Feb 2012, p 4, OMalley P, Coventry G, Walters R (1993) Victorias day in prison program: an evaluation and critique. Nordisk Tiddskrift for Kriminalvidenskab 85(2):122135, Trusty G (1995) Sheriffs office, juvenile court resources used for restarts. These programs are typically delivered in one to three sessions. Government officials permitting this program need to adopt rigorous evaluation to ensure that they are not causing more harm to the very citizens they pledge to protect. A six month follow-up of juvenile delinquents visiting the Ionia Reformatory (Research Report No. "Established in the 1970s, Scared Straight programs are used throughout the United States as a means of deterring juvenile crime. Michigan Department of Corrections. The GDYT program also raises money to help subsidize the wages of young workers. Official websites use .gov Turning Windsis one of the nations premier academicTherapeutic Boarding Schoolsfocused on guiding troubled teens from Destin, FL with overcoming behavior issues. In the summer of 2013, the program placed 1,745 teens. Scared Straight Programs. The documentary Scared Straight! The foundation of our program is based on experiential education. WSIPP may adjust effect sizes based on methodological characteristics of the study. hMj0xc1M 0-Q#hzO'k8uI0yJ:MW4%Seg7?L6E_p[XmSO*fC ~]lrS8'_M]5giY'+roZ(pNkX z|>?3Mk6o6={45hS{4z4K5=E)W='syr,=30"R2dCl+ 4F9hfaLQ`g'a8pOj. The vision ofTurning Windsis to bring forth peace while rehabilitating emotional health for at-risk teen boys and girls from Detroit, MI. This entry shows that not only do these programs fail to deter crime but they actually increase it. NCJ 79768). After submitting her contact information, your teen can contact any youth-focused nonprofitorganizations in your neighborhood to see whether they are participating in the program. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Anthony Petrosino . Russell Sage, New York, pp 83127, Lloyd C (1995) To scare straight or educate? Scared straight--California style: Evaluation of the San Quentin Squires program. Scared straight--California style: Evaluation of the San Quentin Squires program. As a result of the evaluation, Michigan's Department of Corrections advocated the termination of the program. Troubled teens from Detroit, MI are somewhat forced into making changes instead of them occurring naturally through hard work, determination, and education. LockA locked padlock The film made a huge impact - showcasing the radical . Talk To Your Teen: What Makes YOU The Happiest? Behavior Modificationcan allow troubled teens from Detroit, MI to make behavior changes, but it does not allow them to understand why they behave in certain ways or even how they can learn to exhibit positive behaviors. Campbell Syst Rev 2004:2, Petrosino A, Turpin-Petrosino C, Guckenburg S (2010) Formal system processing of juveniles: effects on delinquency. endstream endobj 1298 0 obj <>stream This large negative result curiously receives little attention in the original . {q 3F;FL9j+= endstream endobj 1303 0 obj <>stream Benefits by Perspective Over Time (Cumulative Discounted Dollars). Each measure we put in place is meant to carefully guide our students towards their goals of learning from their past mistakes and preparing for limitless success in the future. Brit Med J 323:1252, Muhammed L (1999) Kids and crooks revisited: some were Scared Straight! USA Today, 12 Apr 1999, p 4D, Mullen C (2012) Bar Association: stop putting innocent kids in jail. A mental illness is a mental health condition that impacts an individuals thought processes, emotions, and bipolar disorder. Consequently, recidivism rates were, on average, higher for participants compared to juveniles . Youth under supervision by the juvenile court in the community following conviction for a criminal offense, Youth involved in the juvenile justice system, Youth who are currently or were previously involved in the juvenile justice system, Washington State Institute for Public Policy. It may also affect the persons ability to relate to others, as well as function on a daily basis. Scared Straight Programs & Boot Camps for Kids: Are They Effective? An effect size (ES) is a standard metric that summarizes the degree to which a program or policy affects a measured outcome. This includes populations of arrested youth, diverted youth, charged youth, adjudicated youth, and youth on probation or formal supervision. If the dollars are above $0, the benefits of the program exceed the initial investment. Meta-analysis is a statistical method to combine the results from separate studies on a program, policy, or topic in order to estimate its effect on an outcome. Programs such as 'Scared Straight' involve organized visits to prison facilities by juvenile delinquents or children at risk for becoming delinquent.
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